英汉翻译课件Lecture 8 Cohesion in Translation.

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1、Translation of the Text: Textual ConsciousnessLecture8 Cohesion in TranslationTextual consciousness in translation 语篇意识Its common to use text as a unit for the analysis of translation as it enables the translator to appreciate the linguistic form, meaning and spirit of the original.翻译中应当大处着眼(top-dow

2、n)，小处着手(bottom-up)，小单位、低层次服从于大单位、高层次。Text is not a mere aggregation of sentences; rather, it is a semantic unity.Cohesion 衔接、粘连 Coherence 连贯COHESIONM.A.K. Halliday (2000:4) : cohesion is a semantic concept, referring to relations of meaning that exist within the text, and it occurs where the interpr

3、etation of some element in the discourse is dependent on that of another. Cohesive Devices Commonly Used in English and Chinese Halliday & Hasan (1976，1985/1994)五大类:照应(reference),替代(substitution),省略(ellipsis),连接(conjunction)及词汇衔接(lexical cohesion)。其中前四类属于语法衔接手段,后一类属于词汇衔接手段。语法衔接是语篇具有的典型特征之一。Refer

4、ence identified in terms of function, location, and identity or similarity:Personal reference, e.g. he, she, it, they, him, etc.Demonstrative reference, e.g. here, there, this that, those, etc.Comparative reference, e.g. better, more/ other, different, else/ same, identical, equal, similar, addition

5、al, etc.Peter, Peter, pumpkin eater,had a wife and couldnt keep her.He put her in a pumpkin shell,and there he kept her very well. (personal)You must remember, my dear mother, that I have never considered this matter as certain. I have had my doubts, I confess; but they are fainter than they were, a

6、nd they may soon be entirely done away 您应该记住，我的好妈妈，我从来没有把事情看得一定如此。我承认我有疑虑，但是不像以前那么重了，也许很快就会彻底打消SubstitutionSubstitution is usually identified by the grammatical function of the substitute item.In English, the substitute may function as a noun, as a verb, or as a clause. To these correspond the three

7、 types of substitution: nominal, verbal, and clausal.Nominal substitution: one/ones; same, e.g.A: If only I could remember where it was that I saw someone putting away the box with those candles in， I could finish the decorations now.B: You mean the little colored ones?A: I will have two eggs on toa

8、st, please.B: I will have the same.Verbal substitution: doHe never really succeeded in his ambitions. He might have done, one felt, had it not been for the restlessness of his nature.Clausal substitution: the entire clause is presupposed, and the contrasting element is outside the clause, e.g.A: Is

9、there going to be an earthquake? B: It says so.EllipsisEllipsis can be regarded as substitution by zero. An elliptical item is one which, as it were, leaves specific structural slots to be filled from elsewhere, e.g.Joan brought some carnations, and Catherine some sweet peas.A: Would you like to hea

10、r another verse? B: I know twelve more .In a riot of scuba bubbles, tourist and guide plunged into an underwater cavern. And, true to his words, the guide darted through the gloom, chasing sleek five foot long shadows. Not to worry. In the spectacular undersea world off Palau, the sharks are as laid

11、 back as the local residents. And who wouldnt be? Slung across the Pacific 800 miles southwest of Guam, the string of islandseight inhabited, 200 or more still unpopulatedmake up one of those increasingly rare commodities, a Pacific paradise.随着潜水呼吸器咕噜咕噜的水泡声，旅游者和导游潜入了水下110英尺的一个洞天。导游的话不假，他飞快地穿过阴暗层，去追逐