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1、结构及称谓Conversation入学：enrollment 登记,注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼 , 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n. 全体职员freshman（大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior（大学）三年级学生senior（大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test开学测试excellent 出色的average平均的，一般的university- presid
2、ent 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor副教授assistant professor助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人below average 低于平均水平的，差的undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生science 理科,arts 文科,engineering 工建筑物 buildings:c
3、anteen.餐厅cafeteria. 自助餐厅administration building行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building 教学楼dormitory n. 宿舍auditorium n.会堂， 礼堂=lecturehallassembly n. 集合,集会 hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房 vffvf科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astron
4、omy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany植物学psychology 心理学dining hall 食堂zoology 动物学选课architecture 建筑学学科oceanography 海洋学major 主修minor 副修ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型requi
5、red 、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course 选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar高级研讨性课Class participation课堂参与tutorial个人辅导课程workshop专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental初级Intermediate, secondary中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class 逃课Syllabus 教学大纲R
6、equired textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系colloquium n. 报告课semester/term 学期 quarter 小学期counselor, adviser咨询者，顾问course guideline课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor s sig nature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）openings（可供注册的名额）Take 选（课），drop 退（课）Late registration 晚注册
7、Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教president大学校长teacher/faculty 教师students advisor 学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian历史学家statistician统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork=studies 作业lab report实验报告book report 读书报告proj
8、ect 作业presentation 发言research assistant = RA助研term paper 学 期论文 （researchpaper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n. 调查表,问卷observation n. 观察interview . 采访collect data 收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow down （ 论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking评判性思维la
9、ck your own ideas 缺少自己 的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期outline n. 大纲，提纲（roadmap）bibliography n 书目，参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-hom
10、e exam （拿回家的开卷考试,一般有限定的时间）due date/time 期限open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test主观性测试straight As 全 Aobjective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n 估价appraisal n.评价，估价make up for 补考,resit, retake 重考grade (mark、score )分数proctor/invigilator 监考老师成绩：perfect grade优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing
11、 grade及格分failing grade不及格分be all As and Bs全是 A和 BB plus B 力口A minus A 减pass the iexam with flying colors以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors以荣誉毕业diploma,degree,certificate 文凭学位证书图书馆：library 图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue分类目录full marks 满分bibli
12、ography参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk 借书处reserved books 馆藏书library card借书证overdue fine过期罚金periodical reading room期干 U 阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue过期杂志shelf n.书架photocopy room 复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程Hypothesis
13、Alternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis 无效假说，零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助:Letter of reference/recommendationCompetitiveBenefit future c
14、areerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress , BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification 资格，qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Merit-based以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处,膳宿reside
15、nce hall 宿舍suite 套间studio工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子,可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）Research assistantship研究奖学金home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那Grant助学金种Loan贷款roommate 同屋者,室友Need-based以需求为基础corridor n.走廊，过道,mattress n.床垫租房lease n.租彳t,租约landlord 房东landlady 女房东rent租金tenant 房客blanket n.毯子towel n. 手巾，毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类el
16、ectricappliance(instrument;equipment)电器patio n. 阳台， sliding door n.门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙推拉 heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机(laundry洗衣店)床上用品：utensil 器皿；用具pillow n.枕头kitchen utensil 炊具be
17、d linen n.床上用品sheet n. 被单oven烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机cabinet 储藏柜；陈列柜washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器Coffee pot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer)vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子cupboard (clo
18、set) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug小地毯冰箱carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture (房屋)固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题：personalpossessions/property/belongings产get insurance forpossessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n. 垃圾dispose v. 处理个人财personaldresser (bureau) 梳妆台gas meter 煤气表insect n. 昆虫burglar n. 夜贼leaking
19、/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in闯入LectureGeology地质学Slide n.滑坡Marble大理石Landslide n. 山体滑坡Mud泥土 , soil 土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v. 冷冻Melt v.融化 moltenGravity n.重力Aggravate v.力口重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n. 腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.
20、恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物granite 花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v.提炼Platinum v. 钳金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave波动Volcano, volcanic火山，火山的Volcanic eruption火山喷发Magnitude级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast
21、n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth s interior地球的内部Seismic waves 地震波Compression 压缩Shear ( a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves )Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate大陆板块Tectonic plat
22、e (地球表面的）构造板块Continental drift大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern统一的，始终一致的Solar energy 太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation 猜测Boundary 边界Cooling down 冷去口Mechanism 机制Physical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial r
23、eservoir人工水库Latitude 纬度Redistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen, Sample 样品Abundant丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones 天河石Firing vapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out根除，彻底消灭Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement 精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate 气体水合物
24、Trap 困住Flame火焰Potential 潜在的Model模式Geological fault 地质断层Crack裂缝seismic gap 地震活动空白地带postulate借I 设Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰chunk大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj.沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note注意Contract 合约Verbal agreement 口 头协议Repay偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人C
25、autious 谨慎的Paramount极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label标签Contention所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit 利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand 供求Supply chain 供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Contemplation 沉思，思考Franchise
26、特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原贝 UPerceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense感觉Soul 灵魂 spiritElement组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration 理性,rational 有理性的Judgment 判断Just公正的，justice 公正Justify证明，justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范
27、Ethical theory伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical 经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 肖 ij 弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine
28、 教义，主义,学说Idealism唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学，玄学Reconcile和解，调停天文学astronomyconstellation 星座zodiac(星象学的星座)planet 行星sun恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid andthe first discovered )White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper北斗七星Asteroid belt
29、小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v. 运行n.轨道(an immense cloud of gas (mainlyrotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space 外太空gravity n. 重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n. 亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 品巨离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v.逐渐变小Centripetal向心Centrifugal离心Nebula星云hydrogen) and dust in interste
30、llar space)Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics天文物理学Big Dipper北斗七星Black hole黑洞Celestial 天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet彗星Intergalactic 星系间的International da
31、te line更线Interplanetary星球间的Interstellar 星际的Leap year 闰年Light year 光年Luminosity 光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite 陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台国际日期变Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic 宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸弓
32、 I 力Greenwich mean time格林尼治时间High resolution高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object幻影物体Image影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray红外射线Interferometer干扰仪Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas 天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris太
33、空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐 etc.）Genre艺术分类Performing art表演艺术modern dance piece 现代舞concert 音乐会play 剧opera歌剧film 电影camera摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet 芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual art
34、s视觉艺术Have aesthetic value有美学价值Abstract art抽象艺术landscape 风景photography 摄影exposure 曝光develop film冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v.) 肖像，人像、still life 静物sculpture 雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的 vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Aesthetic appeal美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics
35、特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n. 专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist象主义者Impressionism象派Perspective 透视法Angle角度Press/Publishing house 出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v.保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiograph
36、y 自传Descriptive prose描述散文Fairy tale 童话Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography 传记autobiography 自传detective stories侦探小说drama戏居1novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory 寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Futurism 未来派Legend传说Literary studies文学研究Narrative prose叙述性散文Podium讲台Prose散文Realism现实主义Sc
37、hool of literature文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism文学评论Literary studies文学学习Spectrum 光谱Modernism现代主义Plot情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue 前言Proverb 谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery 艺廊Calligraphy 书法Imitating 模仿Landscape painting 风景画Oil painting 油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas帆布Perspective 透视画
38、法Poster海报Portrait 肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama 全景Pastel drawing 蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph 手稿建筑Architecture 建筑学Architect 建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Geometric patterns几何图形Wax蜡Arch拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral 大教堂Framing 结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall)Elevator n. 电梯Fa?ade n.正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外
39、部的Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet二重奏Harmony和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚印象派风格Impressionistic styleMosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Serenade小夜曲Solo独奏Sonata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声S
40、core乐谱Note音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo节奏Melody主旋律Rhythm 节奏Tune旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet 单簧管krummhornkr ?ml? :nn. 变号（一种古双簧乐器）考古anthropologist人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明orig
41、in 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist考古学家excavation 挖掘Harp竖琴excavate (unearth) 挖掘Paleolithic旧石器时代的Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery 陶器（potter）Porcelain 瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Crani
42、al颅骨的Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric 史前的Primitive 原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biotical agencyCalcium 钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbon dioxide二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentati
43、on 发酵Fungus菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose葡萄糖Immunology 免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection 传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核One-celled 单细胞的Parasitic animal寄生动物Parasite disease寄生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体Protozoa原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Vi
44、rus 病毒Yeast酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium 细菌Oxidation 氧化algae海藻coral珊瑚lizard 蜥蜴,rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n.猴子mammal哺孚L类动物dinosaur n. 恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠(声波定位)snail 蜗牛amphibian adj.两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad蟾蛛pond池塘puddle水坑insect n. 昆虫snowshoe ha
45、re 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout （动物的）口鼻部;reptile爬行类动物snake, cobra 眼镜蛇,rattle snake 响尾蛇mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蠕honey beemonarch butterfly大花蝶 largemigratory American butterflyhavingdeep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweedegg卵bird, humming birdla
46、rvae 幼虫 caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n.捕食者prey n.被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab螃蟹artery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪,paw 爪子horn 角hormone荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v. 授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communi
47、cate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物，恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物stem 圣beak鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味 (还有 aroma fragrance scentsmell)gland腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist植物学家tundra苔原；冻土地带，冻原algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树c
48、rops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.)photosynthesis(n.)光合作用fungus(pl. fungi )菌类lichen 地衣，苔群laurel 月桂squash 南瓜 one of a group of largevegetables with solid flesh and hardchestnut tree 栗子树skins, such as pumpkinsroot 根bean豆类植物branch 枝nectar 花蜜flow
49、er 花climate 气候floral 花的atmosphere 大气层petal 花瓣troposphere 对流层bloom开花Convection 对流blossom 花Stratosphere 同温层pollen 花粉Barometer 气压计moss苔鲜current (气)流herbicide 除草剂vapor 蒸汽herb草本植物evaporate 蒸发herbivorous 食草的damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的classification分类humidity 湿度hierarchy 级别moisture 潮湿；水分hazardous 启毒害的satur
50、ate 饱和Meteorology 气象absorb吸收meteorology 气象dew露meteorologist 气象学家frost 霜forecast (predict)预报fog (mist)smog烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风crystal 水晶体Monsoon 季风downpour (torrential rain) 大雨Sandstorm沙尘暴tempest (storm) 暴风雨Dust storm 沙尘暴drizzle 细雨tornado (twister, c
51、yclone) 龙卷风shower 阵雨Tropical depression热带低气压hail 冰雹Wind direction 风向blizzard (snowstorm)暴风雪Wind velocity 风速avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩Wind scale 风力precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水funnel漏斗，漏斗云Thunder 雷cumulonimbus 积雨云Lightening 闪电disaster (calamity, catastrophe)灾难breeze微风devastation 破坏Blast 大风submerge 淹没gale 大风
52、ecology n. 生态学overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche 雪崩Balmy温和的Chilly 寒冷的Frigid 僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave 热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection环境保护environmentally-friendly环保的preserve v.保护,保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutantcontaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统antiseptic adj. 防腐的atmospheric pollution
53、大气污染垃 圾： rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处 理： dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton 牛奶盒,tyre,aluminium cans 铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bagsbiodegradable packaging 可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励none-renewable不可再生的foss
54、il fuels矿石燃料：tar n. 焦油natural gas, coal, petroleumalternative energy 替代能源replace=substitute v. 取代toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution 日光污染wind power, hydropower 水电,solar (lunar) power 太阳能，nuclear power 核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光,conserve v. 节省，节约refuse 废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫齐 Uchemical waste化学废料耗尽 congest v. 使充满poaching非法打猎，盗猎water / air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion土 壤侵蚀soil pollution土 壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地rare breed稀有物种，endangered species濒危物种，extinct adj. 灭绝 (
