定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习

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1、一、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用“的”表示。定语主要由形容词担任，此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，若是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，thirty women teachers; his father; the girl in red；the boy from AmericaOur monitor is always the fi

2、rst student to enter the classroom.falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming poolHe is the man who you are looking for.二：定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词

3、。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why.1. I have an apple. An apple is red.I have an apple that/which is red. 先行词 关系代词2. I like some friends. Some friends like sports.I like friends who like sports. 先行词 关系代词3. I like music. The music is quiet.I like music that/which is quiet.

4、 先行词 关系代词关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在定语从句中做主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.That is the teach

5、er who teaches us physics.2. whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor.注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

6、The man (whom / who) you met just now is my old friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. The film (which

7、) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 。4That既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.The season tha

8、t / which comes after spring is summer.Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.5. whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来

9、代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?（二）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况1. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), a

10、ll, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.All that can be done has been done. 。There is little that I can do for you.He stayed in the

11、library and looked up any information that they needed.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先