M5U1不定式与动名词的用法.doc

M5U1不定式与动名词
一不定式
动词不定式可以在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾补。
作主语
egl To take roller coaster is terrible.
eg2 To do like that is foolish.
不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中， 往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。
一 It's terrible to take roller coaster."
How terrible it is to take roller coaster?
不定式作主语常见句型：
It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult-••) + 不定式
It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one's duty, a shame) + 不定式
eg3 It's my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.
It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience・・・)+ 不定式
eg4 It requires patience to be a good teacher.
作表语
当句子的主语是 aim, idea, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job 等或者主语是 what 引导的
名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。
egl Our most important task now is to make a plan.
注：作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。
eg2 The only thing we can do now is wait and see.
3 .作宾语
The cat said "Remember not to take it next time!".
可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish 等
(2005 年天津卷 12 题)1 don't want like I'm speaking ill of anybody, but the manager's plan
is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
分析：答案A sound是系动词,意思为"听起来”，不能用被动语态.
注意：当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用代词it作形式宾语，常
用动词有 feel, think, find, believe, consider, make 等。
The cat felt it terrible to take