动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题 北 京 四 中



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1、北 京 四 中撰稿老师:黄 浩 编审老师:蔡正礼 责任编辑:丁 华动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题 不定式既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词,形容词和副词的句法功能 否定式:not +不定式 不定式的时态 一般说来,不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,也有时发生在限
2、定动词表示的动作之后。如: Who heard him say that? He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. 不定式进行式表示动作正在进行,通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生,如: They are said to be building another bridge across the river.
3、60; I happened to be going that way too. 不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前,如: I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. I am glad to have seen your mother. 不定式的句法功能: (1)作主
4、语 To talk with him is a great pleasure. 不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后,如: It's nice to hear your voice. (2)作表语 Her wish is to become an artist.
5、60;(3)作宾语 常用于及物动词: want , hope, wish, like, need, hate, offer, prefer, begin, start, attempt, decide, determine, expect, promise, pretend, refuse ,afford, manage, help等之后,如: You should continue to learn as long as you live. 注1:如果作宾
6、语的不定式又有自己的补语,则须用先行词it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语不定式后置,如: They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. 注2:不定式一般不能作介词的宾语,只有在极少数介词如:but, except等后边才行。此时不定式可以带to或不带to,如: In very cold winter weather a cold-blooded animal has no choice b
7、ut to lie down and sleep. There was nothing left to do but clean the windows.(前边有do, to 省略) 但“疑问词+不定式”结构可以作介词的宾语,如: I have no idea about what to do next. (4)作宾语补足语通常用于及物动词或动词短语:want ,wish, ask, order, beg, t
8、ell, permit, know, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, require, call on, wait for等之后,如:The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework. (5)作定语不定式作定语时,须放在被它修饰的名词或代词之后。被修饰的名词或代词往往是不定式的逻辑宾语。 I have a lot of work to do.
9、 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,又可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。所以如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语作的, 不定式用主动。 试比较: Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的逻辑主语是you) Have you anything to be sent?
10、60; 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的逻辑主语是已被省略的me或someone else) I've got letters to write. He has something to say to you. (6)作状语 作修饰动词的目的状语 We must do everything we can to hel
11、p them. 作修饰动词的结果状语 加强意料不到的语气,在表示结果的不定式前还可加only,如: I went to see him only to find him out. 作修饰表语形容词的状语: 修饰形容词的不定式用主动: The chair is comfortable to sit in. 作结果状语或程度