有机化学09-2

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1、COHCHH H+COH2CHH 提示：提示：使用强碱时，使用强碱时，注意羟基的注意羟基的保护。保护。ROH+NaRONa+H2CH3OHCH3CH2OHCH3CHOHCH3CH3COHCH3CH3ROHRMgXRONaNaNH2ROMgX+NH3+RHNaHRONa+H2 Brnsted碱碱 Lewis碱碱好离去基好离去基好离去基好离去基ROHH+ROH2ROHROHZnCl2ZnCl2NuRNu+H2OClRCl +HOZnClROHRXROR+HXSN2+醚醚ROHH+ROHROHH2OH+RHORHRORSN2ROHRORH+H2OROH+醚醚ORH+OHRORROH+ORH+ORHR

2、HOOHRROHH+OHROR SN2CH2H3CH3CH+ROHH+CCH3CH3CH3OHRCCH3CH3CH3ORCCH3CH3CH3H2CCH3CH3H+ROH+ORCCH3CH3CH3RXROR+HXSN1ROH+HOBrHOCH3OHHOBrH2CCH3CH3H+OBrCCH3H3CCH3Mg无无水水乙乙醚醚OMgBrCCH3H3CCH3(1) CH3CHOOCCH3H3CCH3CH3OH(2) H2OH+H2OHOCH3OH+H2CCH3CH3ROHH+OOORH+H2OROH+OOHORTHPOCOHRH+ROH+OCORR+H2OOCOHROHCOHRROHOHCOHRROH

3、OHCOHRROHOHCORRH2OH+OCORRH+OCRRH+OHCRRORH+ROHORCRRORROH+RCROHRCRORCROHROHRCROHORRCROHORRCRORRCRORORHRCRORORHORHOROH2H+H+H+HSO2ClH3CROH+3 HCl+ROPOCl2ROH2(RO)3POSO2ORH3C+HClPOCl3ROH+HNO2H2SO4H+RONO2RONOROSO3HH2O+HNO3IHROHBrHor NaBr / H2SO4ClHZnCl2,RBrRIRClROHHROH2RXRH2ORXX(SN2)(SN1)H2O+X( X = Br, I)RO

4、HROHZnClZnCl2ClClROHZnClClRClHOZnCl(SN2)R(SN1)ClRCl+HOZnCl+Locus试剂ZnCl2/HCl：鉴别醇的级别ROH + HCl RCl + H2OZnCl2醇的比重1，观察浮在上层的醇沉入下层的时间即可判断醇的级别：phCH2OHCH2=CHCH2OH30 20 10很快 很慢，且需加热。ROH+RBrPBr3RIPI3or P, I2ROHPBrBrBrROHPBrBrBrRBr+HOPBr2(SN2)反应有两种立体选择性反应有两种立体选择性（与溶剂有关）（与溶剂有关）构型翻转构型翻转构型保持构型保持OH +SOCl2醚为溶剂SOCl2